مطالعات برنامه درسی در تربیت و بالندگی معلم

مطالعات برنامه درسی در تربیت و بالندگی معلم

چالش‌های نومعلمان در کلاس‌های درس: واکاوی تجارب زیسته

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشیار، گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران.
2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، رشته برنامه‌ریزی درسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران.
چکیده
بررسی مشکلات و چالش­های نومعلمان در حوزه کاری خود زمینه­­های لازم را برای شناخت بهتر این مشکلات و حل آنها فراهم می­کند. بر این ‌اساس، هدف اصلی این پژوهش واکاوی چالش­های نومعلمان رشته آموزش ابتدایی بود. پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف، کاربردی و به لحاظ روش، کیفی از نوع پدیدارشناسی و مبتنی بر وارسی تجارب زیسته 32 نفر از نومعلمان آموزش ابتدایی شهرستان کاشان بود که با استفاده از روش نمونه­گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند و تجارب آنها جمع­آوری و مورد کاوش قرار گرفت. ابزار جمع‌آوری داده‌ها مصاحبه عمیق نیمه‌ساختاریافته بود. مصاحبه­ها تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری ادامه پیدا کرد. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل و سازماندهی داده‌ها نیز از روش کلایزی استفاده شد. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان داد که مهم­ترین مشکلات نومعلمان در دو مضمون یا طبقه کلی یعنی چالش­های فرامدرسه‌ای (ساختاری یا بیرونی) و مدرسه­ای (اجرایی) قابل طبقه­بندی است. زیر مضمون‌های چالش‌های فرامدرسه‌ای شامل ضعف برنامه­های درسی و آموزشی دانشگاه فرهنگیان، مسائل اقتصادی، اداری و اجرایی، ضعف کتب درسی دوره ابتدایی و قصور و دخالت خانواده­هاست. زیرمضمون‌های چالش‌های مدرسه‌ای نیز شامل مسائل آموزشی و تدریس، مشکلات مربوط به مهارت­های ارتباطی و مسائل روان‌شناختی نومعلمان است. طراحی و اجرای مجموعه‌ای از راهکارها جهت حل چالش‌های نومعلمان ابتدایی می‌تواند منجر به ارتقای عملکرد آنها شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Challenges Faced by Novice Teachers in the Classroom: An Examination of Lived Experiences

نویسندگان English

Mohammad Amini 1
Narjes Zavvari 2
Maryam Salehi 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
2 M.A. Student, Curriculum Planning, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
چکیده English

Investigating the problems and challenges faced by novice teachers in their field of work provides the necessary grounds for better understanding and taking necessary measures to solve them. The main goal of this research was to analyze the challenges of new teachers in the field of elementary education. The study was practical in purpose and qualitative in method, employing a phenomenological approach based on the analysis of lived experiences of 32 novice elementary teachers in Kashan.  Participants were selected through purposive sampling, and their experiences were collected and examined. Data collection was conducted via semi-structured in-depth interviews, which continued until reaching data saturation. Colaizzi's method was also used to analyze and organize the data. The findings showed that the most important problems faced by novice teachers could be classified in two overarching themes: Extracurricular  (structural or external) and Intracurricular (implementation) challenges. Subthemes of extracurricular challenges include weaknesses in Farhangian University’s curricula and educational programs, economic, administrative, and operational issues, deficiencies in elementary school textbooks, and interference by families. Subthemes of Intracurricular challenges encompass teaching and instructional issues, communication skill problems, and psychological issues of novice teachers. Developing and implementing a set of strategies to address these challenges can enhance the performance of elementary novice teachers.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

new teachers
structural challenges
implementation problems
elementary school
Farhangian University
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